4 usage of detergents, 2 effects of composition and dosage
Module 4 introduces into the topic of detergents and laundry aids. Chapter 1 provides knowledge about detergents` ingredients, chapter two describes the effects of composition and dosage and chapter 3 is about dosing systems.
How do the options of detergents influence the result of the washing process?
only the amount of dosage influences the result
depending on kind and amount of soiling, certain ingredients must be contained.
quality of ingredients is the only matter
All regular washing powders contain surfactants. Which influence do they have on washing efficiency?
surfactants are surface active substances. They accumiulate on the surface of the water and adduct the soil molecules (like a magnet)
surfactants are surface active substances. They decrease the surface tension of water. This mechanism causes the rapid wettening of the textile and the soil suspension and release
surfactants fragment soil particles. Those microparticles are bounded by other detergent`s ingredients, for example enzymes
critical micelle concentration means...
the point at which surface active properties are at ist maximum and performance is maximised.
the critical minimum concentration. If the concentration declines the critcal limit, the surfactants are not effective any more
the critical maximum concentration, important for the environment.
The critical micelle concentration can be influenced by other components of a detergent, in fact
... this assertion is wrong. Critical micelle concentration won`t be influenced by other detergent`s ingredients.
due to e.g. salts, anorgfanic builders, and substances for alkalinity, critical micelle concentration will increase.
due to e.g. salts, anorgfanic builders, and substances for alkalinity, critical micelle concentration will decrease.
Depending on application, the detergents should contain special substances causing alkalinity. Caustic alkalis...
can be very effective in saponyfying natural fatty and oily soiling
removes all stains by etching
deaden all microorganisms
Depending on application, the detergents should contain special substances causing alkalinity. Silicate alkalis...
can be very effective in saponyfying natural fatty and oily soiling
deaden all microorganisms
are emulsifying and suspending mineral fatty and oily soiling
Depending on application, the detergents should contain special substances causing alkalinity. Alkalis such as bicarbonate and some phosphates
can provide buffered pH conditions suitable for washing woolens and delicate fabrics
deaden all microorganisms
are emulsifying and suspending mineral fatty and oily soiling
Other important ingredients are sequestering agents and builders. Their function is
to remove hard water ions (Calcium and Magnesium) from the wash liquor
to deaden microorganisms
to emulsify and suspend mineral fatty and oily soiling
Other important ingredients are enzymes. Enzymes increase the washing efficiency and the effectiveness of stain removal for which kind of soilings?
mineral fatty and oily soiling
discoloured stains
proteinaceaous, fatty and starchy soiling
What are the consequences of under-dosage?
lower washing performance due to: lower adsorption of surfactants on fibre and soil, decreased soil-removal mechanism, lower bleaching action, higher greying and redeposition of textiles
stain removal is still possible
What are the consequences of over-dosage?
none
higher water consumption, longer rinsing times, decreasing washing efficiency and greying because the detergent cannot adsorb optimally on the fibre
higher water consumption only. No further negative effects on laundry