1 usage of water, 4 how to minimise waste water load
After the focus on the question of the last sub-chapter: "How does it come to waste water load?", we now come to the question: "How to minimise waste water load?"
Bleach and disinfection with chlorine lead to formation of AOX (adsorbable organic halogen compounds). This conclusion is
correct. The reaction of chlorine with organic soil leads to AOX-formation.
wrong. Disinfection with peracetic acid leads to AOX-formation.
Laundry waste water must not contain any chlororganic compounds, chlorine-decomposing compounds or chlorine
correct. Usage of Chlorine in the washing process is forbidden. Some exceptions are: hospital laundry, work wear from meat and fish industry and cases of epidemics
Wrong. Chlorine is an inert gas, that is why it won`t cause harmful substances due to reactions with other substances. (It won`t react much at all).
wrong. PER is an alternative to chlorine and is biodegradable.
AOX-Formation can be avoided by
Usage of a chemical anti-chlorine agent
minimisation of chlorine concentration, usage of chlorine during rinsing phase, usage of chlorinedioxide or by substitution and usage of chlorine-free substances.
special pre-cleaning processes with application of special micro-organisms
Chlorine-free alternatives are
Hydrogenperoxide, peracetic acid
Enzymes
special micro-organisms
It is also possible to reduce waste water load by process design. This conclusion is
wrong. Kind of chemicals is crucial for waste water
correct. A reduction of detergents may reduce waste
Dry-cleaning with PER is forbidden
wrong. PER is an alternative to chlorine and is biodegradable
correct. Usage of PER in pre-wash-zone may lead to PER-formation in waste water. In addition, residues in laundry may remain.